กระบวนการผลิตและการประยุกต์ใช้คอลลาเจนจากปลิงทะเลสู่ผลิตภัณฑ์เสริมอาหารCollagen Processing and Application from Sea Cucumber to Food Supplement Products

Abstract

Collagen protein is composed of polymeric chains of amino acids that form a triple helix. The human body contains around 30% collagen and 90% of the collagen is the type 1 collagen. Types of collagens are differentiated by how molecules are assembled and where the components are deposited. There are 28 types of collagens including 5 main types [1]. Collagen type 1 supports for structures of bones, blood vessel walls, tendons, ligaments, corneas, skins, and connective tissues [2]. It helps to prevent tissues from tearing, healing wounds on the skin, preventing wrinkles, and promoting skin elasticity. Collagen type 2 is mostly found in components of ears, nose, pharynx, and ribs [3]. It functions to stimulate cells to reduce the degradations of cartilage, bones, and joints. Collagen type 3 is found alongside collagen type 1 in blood vessels but is found in less than 10% [4]. Collagen type 4 has unique characteristics that is mostly found in extracellular basement membranes and body fat. It supports function of the nervous system and blood vessel. Collagen type 5 is a component of the cell membrane. It is found in the eye cornea, cell surface, hairs, and placenta of an expecting mother.