Enhanced Antiradical and Anti-inflammatory Capacities of Thai Plant Extract Combinations: A Synergistic Study of Seven Traditional Plant Extracts
Abstract
การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อประเมินศักยภาพทางชีวภาพและกลไกการเสริมฤทธิ์ของสารสกัดจากพืชไทย 7 ชนิด ได้แก่ มังคุด มะขามป้อม ว่านหางจระเข้ บัวบก พลู ผักคราดหัวแหวน และผักติ้ว โดยทดสอบปริมาณฟีนอลิกและฟลาโวนอยด์รวมทั้งหมด ฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระ (DPPH assay) และประสิทธิภาพการยับยั้งเอนไซม์โปรตีเอส ผลวิจัยพบว่าสารสกัดเดี่ยวจากมะขามป้อมมีปริมาณสารประกอบฟีนอลิกทั้งหมด (332.46 ±6.84 mg GAE/g plant, DB) สูงที่สุด ในขณะที่สารสกัดเปลือกมังคุดมีปริมาณฟลาโวนอยด์สูงที่สุด (89.19 ±2.45 mg QE/g plant, DB) โดยสารสกัดเปลือกมังคุดและมะขามป้อมมีศักยภาพในการต้านอนุมูลอิสระใกล้เคียงกัน (EC50 = 0.80 ±0.04 และ 0.74 ±0.07 ไมโครกรัมต่อมิลลิลิตร ตามลำดับ) เมื่อพิจารณาปฏิสัมพันธ์เชิงหน้าที่ผ่านการคำนวณดัชนีการรวมกัน (Combination Index; CI) พบว่าทุกคู่สารสกัดพืชผสมมีการเสริมฤทธิ์อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p-value ≤ 0.05) โดยเฉพาะสารสกัดพืชผสมระหว่างเปลือกมังคุดและมะขามป้อมที่มีฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระสูงสุด (EC50 = 0.65 ±0.03 ไมโครกรัมต่อมิลลิลิตร) สอดคล้องกับค่าปริมาณสารประกอบฟีนอลิกทั้งหมดที่เพิ่มขึ้น (342.92 ±4.11 mg GAE/g plant, DB) นอกจากนี้สารสกัดพืชผสมส่วนใหญ่ยังแสดงประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งเอนไซม์โปรติเอสได้เหนือกว่าสารสกัดพืชเดี่ยว โดยเฉพาะสารสกัดเปลือกมังคุดและใบพลูที่สามารถยับยั้งได้เกือบสมบูรณ์ (98.03%) งานวิจัยนี้ยืนยันว่าการปฏิสัมพันธ์ระหว่างกลุ่มสารฟีนอกลิก ฟลาโวนอยด์ รวมทั้งพฤกษเคมีอื่น ๆ ช่วยยกระดับประสิทธิภาพของการใช้สารสกัดผสม ซึ่งสามารถนำไปประยุกต์ใช้ในการพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์นวัตกรรมเพื่อสุขภาพและเวชสำอางที่มุ่งเน้นการต้านอนุมูลอิสระและต้านการอักเสบได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity and synergistic mechanisms of seven Thai plant extracts, namely mangosteen peel, emblic myrobalan, aloe vera, Indian pennywort, betel, paracress, and Cratoxylum formosum. The evaluation was conducted by determining total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay), and antiproteinase activity. The results indicate that the individual extract of emblic myrobalan possessed the highest total phenolic content (332.46 ±6.84 mg GAE/g plant, DB), whereas mangosteen peel exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (89.19 ±2.45 mg QE/g plant, DB). Furthermore, mangosteen peel and emblic myrobalan demonstrated comparable antiradical capacities, with EC50 values of 0.80 ±0.04 and 0.74 ±0.07 µg/mL, respectively. Functional interaction analysis using the Combination Index (CI) revealed significant synergism (p-value ≤ 0.05) across all binary formulations. Notably, the synergistic blend of mangosteen peel and emblic myrobalan exhibited the most potent antiradical activity (EC50 = 0.65 ±0.03 µg/mL), correlating with an increased total phenolic content (342.92 ±4.11 mg GAE/g plant, DB). Additionally, most herbal combinations demonstrated superior antiproteinase activity compared to their individual extracts, with the combination of mangosteen peel and betel achieving near-complete inhibition (98.03%). These findings imply that the interaction among phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals significantly enhances the efficacy of combined extracts. This study supports the application of these synergistic formulations in the development of innovative health products and cosmeceuticals targeting oxidative stress and inflammation.
Keywords
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DOI: 10.14416/j.kmutnb.2026.09.005
ISSN: 2985-2145
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